ELEMENT 2.1 Offshore helideck landing areas 

2.1.1 Helideck physical characteristics, to include: ‘D value’, MTOW, access and escape routes, friction properties across the helideck 2.1.2 Helideck visual aids, marking and lights, to include: Helideck landing lights are fully serviceable and emergency power back-up is operational, installation obstacle lighting 2.1.3 Obstacle-protected surfaces, to include:  (a) 210 degree Obstacle-Free Sector  (b) 150 degree Limited Obstacle Sector (c) Clear Zone below Helideck Level - 5:1 falling gradient (d) Maximum height limit across the entire helideck  2.1.4 Helideck landing and perimeter safety nets – purpose and requirements 2.1.5 Landing areas and winching areas on vessels.  

ELEMENT 2.2 Helicopters, helideck equipment and systems 

2.2.1 Main aircraft types used in region of operations including:  (a) Emergency exits (b) Seat configurations (c) Types of door and hold openings  2.2.2 Helideck systems, to include:  (a) Visual aids (markings and lighting systems) (b) Wave-off and status lights. (c) TD/PM lighting  2.2.3 Helideck location and motion characteristics (floating installations) 2.2.4 Helideck certification limitations: (Helideck Limitation List [HLL]). 2.2.5 Helideck standard plant and equipment - and uses; to include:  (a) Plant and equipment for routine and non-emergency response operations (b) Fire Fighting Equipment – guidance on when and where to use various media (c) Primary Media requirements: foam type, delivery and testing (d) Complimentary media requirements (e) Deck Integrated Firefighting System (DIFFS): overview-only required. (f) Tie-down points. Prohibited landing marker  2.2.6 Meteorological systems and minimum meteorological equipment requirement for region of operations. 2.2.7 Typical helideck systems routine checks. 2.2.8 Reporting helideck and systems defects to appropriate authority e.g. OIM, Helicopter Operator 

Helicopter and helideck hazards 

2.3.1 Human factors that may affect the safety of heli-operations, to include the following categories: the job/task, the individual and the organisation.  2.3.2 Helicopter danger areas. 2.3.3 Rotors running – personnel contact with main or tail rotors while on deck. 2.3.4 Adverse weather effect on helicopter operations, to include: excessive wind turbulence, wave  height, trigger lightning 2.3.5 Poor visibility effect on helideck operations. 2.3.6 Process thermal affects e.g. turbine exhausts and normal or emergency process venting. 2.3.7 Helicopter engine or cabin fire. 

2.3.8 Electrical hazards. 2.3.9 Mobile installations stability hazards during landing and take-off. 2.3.10 Dangerous goods transfer to/from helicopter by the helideck team. 2.3.11 Refuelling operations: fuel spillages, faulty equipment. 2.3.12 Loose items (baggage, freight, netting etc.) being sucked into rotor area or air intake. 2.3.13 Flying debris e.g. disintegrating rotor hitting personnel following a crash. 2.3.14 Crane operations: crane work to cease during helicopter operations. 2.3.15 Obstacles on deck. 2.3.16 Noise hazard – ear protection requirement. 2.3.17 Aircraft shutdown and startup hazards 2.3.18 Unfamiliarity with helicopter type 2.3.19 Wrong deck landing 2.3.20 Downdraft forces an aircraft creates in and around the helideck areas

ELEMENT 2.4 Helicopter refuelling equipment  

Due to the technical nature of managing and quality assurance of helicopter refuelling, Helicopter refuelling training and certification is provided through specialist training. This element provides a simple overview of the equipment a delegate may find onboard their offshore unit used for the purpose of helicopter refuelling.